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OOMA Business Blog : ucaas

What are the key protocols of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)?

Diane Balogh profile image April 5, 2024 | 2 min read

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) has come a long way since its inception in the 1990s. VoIP systems rely on protocols based on open standards, making them accessible and customizable for businesses worldwide. This paved the way for reliable and affordable phone service for anyone with access to high-speed internet.

But what makes this innovative technology tick? Let’s dive deeper into six essential VoIP protocols enabling seamless global communication.

1. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)

One of the most widely adopted protocols, SIP facilitates setting up, managing and terminating VoIP calls between the phones or computers in an IP telephone network—also referred to as endpoints. By exchanging messages with compatible endpoint devices, SIP enables smooth two-way communication without requiring users to replace existing hardware.

2. Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)

As part of the VoIP ecosystem, RTP transmits real-time data packets containing audio and video content across the internet. Accompanying RTP closely is Real-time Control Protocol (RTCP), providing crucial performance metrics while assisting in stream synchronization. Together, these tools ensure efficient delivery of multimedia communications during a VoIP call.

3. Session Description Protocol (SDP)

When initiating a multimedia session, SDP assists in determining participant capabilities and is often used with SIP. Designed primarily for compatibility negotiation, SDP handles various details, including codecs, media formats and transportation locations, allowing optimal interaction regardless of platform disparities.

4. H.323

Although waning in popularity, H.323 remains relevant thanks to its integration with numerous legacy systems. Developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), this comprehensive set of protocols manages call signaling via H.225, controls signaling using H.245, and transportation of media through RTP.

5. Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)

MGCP acts as a bridge between VoIP components, controlling gateways with instructions for managing individual stages of outside calls.

6.Session Border Controller (SBC)

Operating at the edge of VoIP networks, SBCs manage security, connectivity and operation concerns. Employing protocols like SIP and RTP, SBCs address issues related to Network Address Translation (NAT) traversals, SIP header manipulations and Quality of Service (QoS) enforcements, further solidifying VoIP’s robustness and adaptability.

In conclusion, understanding VoIP’s key protocols unlocks valuable insights into its transformative impact on business communication. With widespread availability and minimal resource requirements, VoIP offers unparalleled convenience and cost savings. Leveraging powerful technologies like SIP, RTP, SDP, H.323, MGCP and SBC, organizations can reap significant benefits offered by this ever-evolving technological marvel.

Ooma can help

Ooma makes it easy for customers who want to harness the benefits offered by the protocols that comprise VoIP. Explore how Ooma Enterprise can help you get communications for the way you work, or call (877) 345-8847 to set up a free consultation.

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